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The RDS-1 ((ロシア語:РДС-1)), also known as Izdeliye 501 (device 501) and First Lightning (, ''Pervaya molniya''), was used in the Soviet Union's first nuclear weapon test. The United States assigned it the code-name Joe-1, in reference to Joseph Stalin. It was exploded on 29 August 1949 at 7:00 AM, at Semipalatinsk, Kazakh SSR, after a top-secret R&D project. ==Description== The weapon was designed at the Kurchatov Institute—at the time officially known as "Laboratory № 2," but designated as the "office" or "base" in internal documents—starting in April 1946.〔 Plutonium for the bomb was produced at the industrial complex Chelyabinsk-40.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nuclear weapon production at Mayak )〕 The RDS-1 explosion yielded 22 kilotons of TNT, similar to the American Gadget and Fat Man bombs. At Lavrenty Beria's insistence, the RDS-1 bomb was designed as an implosion weapon similar to the Fat Man bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan; RDS-1 also had a solid plutonium core. The bomb designers had developed a more sophisticated design (tested later as RDS-2), but rejected it due to the known reliability of the Fat Man type design; the USSR having received extensive intelligence on the design of the Fat Man bomb during World War II. In order to test the effects of the new weapon, workers constructed houses made of wood and bricks, along with a bridge, and a simulated metro in the vicinity of the test site. Armoured hardware and approximately 50 aircraft were also brought to the testing grounds, as well as over 1,500 animals to test the bomb's effects on life.〔 The resulting data showed the RDS explosion to be 50% more destructive than originally estimated by its engineers.〔 There are several explanations for the USSR code-name of RDS-1, usually an arbitrary designation: a backronym "Special Jet Engine" (, ''Reaktivnyi Dvigatel Spetsialnyi''), or "Stalin's Jet Engine" (, ''Reaktivnyi Dvigatel Stalina''), or "Russia does it herself" (, ''Rossiya Delayet Sama'').〔 Later weapons were also designated RDS, but with different model numbers. Mikhail Pervukhin served as the chairman of the commission in charge of the RDS-1 testing. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「RDS-1」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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